Chemical treatment of industrial makeup water is a process of external and Internal water treatment. External treatment involves the treatment, by various processes, of makeup water to remove or reduce hardness, alkalinity, dissolved gases, or other impurities before the water enters the water system (e.g., steam boiler, cooling tower, closed hot water system or chilled water system). In contrast, internal treatment involves the treatment of water directly within the water system. Both external and internal treatment methods may be used in a given system.
The most chemical treatment commonly used in industrial makeup water treatment ars:
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